The introduction of new vector control technologies is critical to supporting insecticide resistance management (IRM) and progressing towards the elimination of malaria.  However, these new tools including 3^rd generation insecticides for indoor residual spraying (IRS) and dual-active ingredient mosquito nets are more expensive than existing tools and will be difficult to introduce without reducing coverage as malaria budgets have plateaued and are under further pressure due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

With this in mind IVCC is working on a range of market shaping interventions to increase affordability and expand coverage, including a “New Routes to Market” initiative.  IVCC is working with a handful of High Burden High Impact (HBHI) countries including DRC, Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda to explore the potential of expanding coverage beyond the constraints of current donor funding through public private partnerships based on successful work done with mining companies, mission hospitals and NGOs under the Next Generation IRS project (NgenIRS). Although these new distribution networks will be initially set up to expand IRS coverage, they will ultimately be available for the distribution of other vector control tools based on the specific needs of partner countries.

Although in the early stages, countries have expressed great interest and have begun the process, with IVCC’s support, to identify and engage private sector funding and implementation partners.  To this end a private sector roundtable was organised by the Ghanaian National Malaria Program as part of the Zero Malaria Starts with Me campaign. The roundtable brought together over 80 private companies to discuss the pressing need for their involvement in the fight against malaria. In Nigeria a similar roundtable hosted by GBCHealth’s Corporate Alliance on Malaria in Africa and the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) brought together over 155 participants including speakers from government, industry, academia and civil society to deliberate on ways to maximise impact on malaria vector control interventions in Nigeria. Other private sector roundtables will be planned in other partner countries in the coming months with the hope of identifying partners that can expand IRS coverage within the next year.

The IVCC Annual Report 2019-2020 has been published. The report showcases IVCC’s work to facilitate innovative approaches to preventing vector-borne diseases and tackle the growing threat of insecticide resistance. With activities across the globe and spanning research and development and market access, we are accelerating the process from innovation to impact. The report is a reminder of the importance of collaborative working and the progress laid out in it is testament, too, to the commitment of our partners from industry, academia, the public sector and advocacy. We are grateful for the support of all of our funders, who make life-saving vector control possible.

“ IVCC is showing its resilience, nimbleness and adaptability to keep a constant focus on its goals and how its people will work together to overcome and rise to this unprecedented challenge of our time.”

The Right Honourable Sir Stephen O’Brien KBE
Chair, Board of Trustees, IVCC

For more information or to request a physical copy please provide your full name and postal address to Chris Larkin on christopher.larkin@ivcc.com.

This blog post is a guest blog from Aimee-Louise Whalley who is undertaking a MSc at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. 

After completing my undergraduate degree, I was a little lost and unsure of what was next! I had worked and travelled but found myself eager to study biology again, in a field that made a huge difference to people’s lives. During my master’s degree in Tropical Disease Biology at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) I developed an interest in vector control and chose to carry out my research project with IVCC. The project was investigating the role of surface type in Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS).

In 2018, there were 228 million cases of malaria globally, 405,000 of which resulted in death. Despite increasing our knowledge and advancements in technology for combatting malaria, and other vector-borne diseases, new control tools must be developed, and existing tools must be improved if we want to reach eradication. IRS is one such control tool, which involves the coating of internal walls and other surfaces with a residual insecticide. Previous studies have shown variation in IRS performance across sprayed surface types, with suggestions that porous surfaces like mud and dung are particularly poor for insecticide persistence. Mud is a common housing material in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria is most present. If the role of surface type is understood further and investment is made into overcoming the challenges IRS faces, more effective IRS application can be achieved. This could result in prevented disease and lives saved.

The initial idea for my MSc project was to conduct bioassays on mud brick samples taken from several countries across Africa. This would help identify the physicochemical properties that may be responsible for the residual efficacy of sprayed insecticide on the different muds. As the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all of our lives, laboratory research plans were halted, and the scope of the research had to change. During my project I conducted a review of the literature, to summarise the existing knowledge on the differences in residual efficacy seen between common surface types (for example dung, mud, cement, wood and paint), and on surface-insecticide interactions that influence residual efficacy. Following that, I looked at three IVCC laboratory data sets to observe any variability in residual efficacy between and within surface types. The results found that porous surfaces like mud and dung surfaces showed the shortest and most varied residual efficacies compared to less porous surfaces like wood and paint.

Mud varies in composition and can vary across geographical location. The physicochemical analysis of seven mud brick samples across geographies were used to identify the properties that influence insecticide persistence. A positive correlation was seen with increasing mud porosity and short insecticide residual efficacy. This research provides preliminary findings from which can be built upon in future laboratory research, which would lead to a better understand of the interactions between surfaces and insecticides. I have highlighted that surface type does play a significant role in IRS performance and must be considered throughout the development of new IRS products. This is key to understanding how effective new IRS products entering the market will be. This should include testing new products on different surface types in the development stage and collaborating with stakeholders to develop innovative ways to improve the residuality of IRS products on challenging surfaces, particularly mud.

From my experience with IVCC and LSTM I feel fortunate to have gained an insight into the workings of a Product Development Partnership and how stakeholder collaborations allow for sustainable research and development. I was given the independence to develop my own research on this topic, with guidance and support from Dr Derric Nimmo, Dr Graham Small and Dr Rosemary Lees. Prior to my master’s degree I had limited research experience and initially I was nervous about carrying out a desk-based project as being in a laboratory setting was much more in my comfort zone. However, through carrying out this project I have learnt numerous new skills which I will take away into my future career; from identifying the gaps in knowledge to establishing research questions, to analysing data sets and visually communicating research findings.